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目的:探讨11周运动干预对聋哑儿童工作记忆及其脑激活模式的影响,并揭示运动干预影响聋哑儿童工作记忆的神经机制。方法:选取9~13岁聋哑儿童28名,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行11周主要内容为“花样跑步+武术操+花样跳绳”组合项目、中等强度、每周4次、每次30 min的运动干预,对照组在相同时间进行常规的学习生活。采用2-back任务测评11周运动干预前后聋哑儿童工作记忆行为表现的改变,使用功能磁共振成像技术考察11周运动干预前后聋哑儿童工作记忆脑激活模式的变化。结果:(1)与对照组相比,实验组聋哑儿童11周运动干预后完成2-back任务的行为表现显著提高(P<0.01)。(2)11周运动干预后,实验组聋哑儿童工作记忆脑激活模式中的左侧背外侧前额叶、左侧额下回、左侧额中回、左侧中央后回、左侧颞叶内侧、左侧颞上回、左侧海马和右侧后扣带回等脑区的激活增强。结论:11周运动干预可提高聋哑儿童工作记忆,其神经机制是运动干预改善聋哑儿童的工作记忆脑激活模式。
Objective: To investigate the effects of 11-week exercise intervention on working memory and brain activation in deaf-mute children and to reveal the neural mechanism of exercise intervention on working memory in deaf-mute children. Methods: 28 deaf and dumb children from 9 to 13 years old were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The main contents of the experimental group for 11 weeks were “combination of pattern running + martial arts + tricks jumping rope”, medium intensity, 4 times a week, each 30 minutes of exercise intervention, the control group at the same time for routine learning and living. The 2-back task was used to evaluate the changes of working memory performance of deaf and dumb children before and after 11 weeks ’exercise intervention. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the changes of working memory brain activation patterns of deaf and dumb children before and after 11 weeks’ intervention. Results: (1) Compared with the control group, the behavioral performance of the deaf-mute children who completed the 2-back task after 11 weeks of exercise intervention was significantly improved (P <0.01). (2) After 11 weeks of exercise intervention, the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left central back, left temporal lobe, The medial, left superior temporal gyrus, left hippocampus and right posterior cingulate gyrus and other brain regions were activated. Conclusion: The 11-week exercise intervention can improve the working memory of deaf-mute children. The neurological mechanism is that the exercise intervention improves the working memory brain activation pattern in deaf-mute children.