A new Paphiopedilum entity found in southern Guangdong was studied taxonomically by means of internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA analysis in addition to morphological and phytogeographical considerations. This entity is similar to Paphiopedilum gratrixianum (Masters) Rolfe morphologically, from which it differs by having narrower leaves not wider than 2 cm and lacking purple spots toward abaxial base, pale green dorsal sepal veined with pale purplish brown and not heavily spotted with purple, and staminode subtruncate and mucronate at apex. An analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences of this entity and its allies came to the same conclusion that the entity is a member of Paphiopedilum section Paphiopedilum and closely related to but distinct from P. gratrixianum. As a result, it is treated here as a new species, Paphiopedilum guangdongense Z.J. Liu & L.J.Chen.