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先秦儒家以礼乐著称于世。在“礼崩乐坏”的春秋战国时代,崩坏的只是原有的制度层面,礼乐的思想层面却在这场大动荡中不断得到反思和继承。礼学也由此实现了从强调外在伦理规范到注重内在生命信仰的转向,即礼由最初关注自然天命的神、鬼的祭祀,转而关注人世、人心;进而在礼学的思想层面挖掘了“仁———情———心”作为内在源泉和动力,具有深刻的生命意识与浓郁的道德追求,这种变化可称为“内向化”。藉由郭店简、上博简等新出文献的面世,孔子(“克己复礼”)、子思(“礼形于内”)、孟子(“辞让之心”)这三个里程碑式的人物在礼学“内向化”发展进程中贡献最大。
Pre-Qin Confucianism is famous for the world. In the era of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period where “the etiquette was in great jealousy,” the collapse was only on the original institutional level. The ideological level of ritual and music continued to be reconsidered and inherited in this great turmoil. Therefore, the rite and study realized the shift from stressing the external ethics norms to focusing on the inner life beliefs, that is, the ritual sacrifices from the gods and ghosts that originally paid attention to the natural destiny, turning their attention to the human beings and people’s hearts instead of digging As the inner source and motivation, “benevolence --- emotion --- heart” has a profound sense of life and a strong moral pursuit. Such a change may be called “inward-looking”. With the advent of new documents such as Guodianjian and Shangbok, Confucius (“self-denial”), Zi Si (“courtesy”), Mencius These three milestones make the most contribution to the development of ceremony / “inward-lookingness”.