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在过去的30年中,许多肽类生长因子已被分离纯化。其中有胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子、造血细胞克隆刺激因子、成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子(EGF)家族。所有这些因子均同哺乳类动物的生长和发育有关。人类EGF家族包括EGF,α-转化生长因子(TGF-α)和双向调节因子(amphiregulin)。最早观察到EGF的作用之一是加速新生的啮齿类动物眼睛睁开和牙齿萌出,此乃EGF增强上层表皮细胞的角化作用。在生物学上,所有表皮上皮细胞(包括表皮细胞、角膜和结膜上皮细胞以及咽部上皮细胞)都具有相似的细胞类型,均对EGF作用产生应答。在细胞培养的过程中,这些上皮细胞的生长特性和分化情形也都相似。然而,在器官培养中它们的分化情形却不相
Over the past 30 years, many peptide growth factors have been isolated and purified. Among these are insulin and insulin-like growth factors, hematopoietic cell stimulating factors, fibroblast growth factors and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. All of these factors are related to the growth and development of mammals. The human EGF family includes EGF, α-transforming growth factor (TGF-α) and amphiregulin. One of the earliest observations of the role of EGF was to accelerate the opening of newborn rodents’ eyes and the eruption of the teeth as EGF enhances the keratinization of the upper epidermal cells. Biologically, all epidermal cells (including epidermal cells, corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, and pharyngeal epithelial cells) have similar cell types that respond to the EGF effect. In the process of cell culture, the growth characteristics and differentiation of these epithelial cells are also similar. However, they do not differentiate in organ culture