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实现从木质纤维素原料到燃料和高附加值化学品的生物转化,预处理是一个非常重要的步骤。酸解或蒸汽爆破等热-化学预处理过程会在水解液中生成或释放有机酸类、糠醛类和酚类化合物等抑制因子。这些抑制因子对发酵微生物具有毒性,会显著降低发酵产品的产率和生产强度。生物法去除木质纤维素水解液中的抑制因子具有操作简便以及不产生废水、废物等优点。生物脱毒法可分为两类:一类是通过向木质纤维素水解液中添加微生物或酶制剂,在发酵前去除抑制因子;另一类方法是通过遗传改造或适应性进化提高发酵菌株对抑制因子的生物降解能力,从而提高木质纤维素水解液的发酵性能。将着重以乙醇生产为例,介绍如何通过生物脱毒的方法提高木质纤维素水解液发酵的得率和生产强度。
Biotransformation and pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks to fuels and high value added chemicals is a very important step. Thermal-chemical pretreatment, such as acid hydrolysis or steam explosion, generates or releases inhibitors such as organic acids, furfurals and phenolic compounds in the hydrolyzate. These inhibitory factors are toxic to the fermenting microorganism and significantly reduce the yield and production intensity of the fermented product. Biological method to remove inhibitors of lignocellulosic hydrolyzate has the advantages of easy operation and does not produce waste water, waste and so on. Biological detoxification can be divided into two categories: one is through the addition of microorganisms or enzymes to the lignocellulosic hydrolyzate to remove inhibitors prior to fermentation; and another is to increase the fermentation strain by genetic modification or adaptive evolution Inhibit the biodegradability of the factor, thereby enhancing the lignocellulosic hydrolyzate fermentation performance. The emphasis will be on ethanol production as an example, introducing how to increase the yield and production strength of lignocellulosic hydrolyzate by biological detoxification.