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作为一种多相体材料,炭基复合材料的力学性能和损伤破坏规律与其组元材料的弹性常数、体积含量以及细观结构密切相关。本文独创了组元材料试样加工与拉伸试验方法,获得了石墨基体和炭纤维的拉伸模量、强度和断裂应变率,在此基础上利用细观力学中Eshelby等效夹杂理论和Mori-Tanaka方法,建立了预报材料弹性常数的细观力学模型,并将理论预报结果与试验结果进行了比较,分析了误差产生的原因。结果表明:理论预报值与试验值之间的误差在10%以内,说明计算模型合理,计算结果可信。
As a polyphase material, the mechanical properties and damage of carbon-based composites are closely related to the elastic constants, volume contents and mesostructures of its component materials. In this paper, the original sample processing and tensile test methods of component materials were obtained, and the tensile modulus, strength and fracture strain rate of graphite matrix and carbon fiber were obtained. Based on the Eshelby inclusion theory in mesomechanics and Mori -Tanaka method, a mesomechanical model is established to predict the elastic constants of materials. The theoretical prediction results are compared with the experimental results, and the causes of the errors are analyzed. The results show that the error between the theoretical prediction value and the experimental value is within 10%, which shows that the calculation model is reasonable and the calculation result is credible.