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定语从句是高考语法中必考的重点之一，下面就定语从句常见的几种难点进行归纳总结，以期让学生深刻地领悟理解定语从句，进而掌握解题技巧。
一、 判断定语从句的先行词的具体指代和作用
1. 有些特殊的先行词如situation， point， case， activity， scene， period， festival及occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。这些词基本上都是表示时间、地点的词，做具体题目时，要判断他们在定语从句中充当的成分来决定关联词。主语、宾语和表语用that/which， 状语用where/when或介词 + which。 例如：
① —Do you have anything to say for yourselves？
—Yes， there??s one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. that
② We must reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. why B. where C. how D. that
句①中的定语从句可还原为we must insist on the points， 所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或省略。句②中的定语从句可还原为at the point both sides will sit down together and talk， 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where或介词 + which。 尤其要注意where在从句中既可以表示具体的地点、场所，又可以表示抽象的程度、地步、方面等。
2. 表示时间、地点的先行词以及先行词为reason或way在定语从句中作状语时，要特别注意相应引导词的选择：先行词表示时间时引导词用when或介词 + which； 先行词表示地点时引导词用where或介词 + which； reason为先行词时引导词用why或for which或that； way为先行词时引导词用in which或that， 但解题的关键是要判断先行词在定语从句中作状语还是作主语、宾语和表语。作状语，则适用上面的规则，如作主语、宾语和表语，则仍需用that或which（作宾语的that/which可以省略）。例如：
This is the reason he gave me.
This is the reason he didn??t come to school today.
第一句中定语从句可还原为he gave me the reason， 先行词reason在定语从句中作宾语，故关系词用that或which或省略；第二句中定语从句可还原为for the reason he didn??t come to school today， 故关系词用why或for which或that或省略。
二、 介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句
介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句的常见结构有：
（1） 介词 + which（指物）；介词 + whom（指人）
Is that the pen with which you wrote the letter？
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
（2） 名词 + of + which/whom = whose + 名词 + ...
Please pass me the book， the covers of which are blue.
= Please pass me the book， whose covers are blue.
（3） 数词 + of + which/whom
She??s got three lucky pens， two of which she never uses.
（4） 代词 + of + which/whom
In the basket I find many apples， some of which have gone bad.
（5） 最高级 + of + which/whom
China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan.
其中，名词/数词/代词 + 介词 + which/whom常表示部分与整体关系或所属关系。介词的选择要根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系，根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系，同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。
三、 还原定语从句，检验先行词在定语从句中充当的成分
有时即使是同一个词作先行词，在不同的语境下也可以选择不同的关系词。
1. where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句的区别
① He found the books where he had put.
② He found the books in the place where he had put them.
句①中where引导的是状语从句， where意为“在……地方”，从句前无表示地点的先行词；句②中where引导的是定语从句，修饰the place， 主句为he found the books in the place， 定语从句可还原为he had put them in the place， 先行词place在定语从句中作状语，故关联词用where或介词 + which。
2. as引导的定语从句
as用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成the same ... as ...， such ... as ...， so ... as ... 等结构。例如：
I like the same book as you have.
I want to have such a dictionary as he has.
注意：此处要注意定语从句（下面句①）和状语从句（下面句②）的区别。
① Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out.
② Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question that nobody worked it out.
以上是笔者在定语从句的教学及高考阅卷中发现的疑难问题，也提出了相应的解决办法和应当注意的地方。当然它们必须和练习相结合，才能达到事半功倍的效果。
一、 判断定语从句的先行词的具体指代和作用
1. 有些特殊的先行词如situation， point， case， activity， scene， period， festival及occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。这些词基本上都是表示时间、地点的词，做具体题目时，要判断他们在定语从句中充当的成分来决定关联词。主语、宾语和表语用that/which， 状语用where/when或介词 + which。 例如：
① —Do you have anything to say for yourselves？
—Yes， there??s one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. that
② We must reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. why B. where C. how D. that
句①中的定语从句可还原为we must insist on the points， 所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或省略。句②中的定语从句可还原为at the point both sides will sit down together and talk， 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where或介词 + which。 尤其要注意where在从句中既可以表示具体的地点、场所，又可以表示抽象的程度、地步、方面等。
2. 表示时间、地点的先行词以及先行词为reason或way在定语从句中作状语时，要特别注意相应引导词的选择：先行词表示时间时引导词用when或介词 + which； 先行词表示地点时引导词用where或介词 + which； reason为先行词时引导词用why或for which或that； way为先行词时引导词用in which或that， 但解题的关键是要判断先行词在定语从句中作状语还是作主语、宾语和表语。作状语，则适用上面的规则，如作主语、宾语和表语，则仍需用that或which（作宾语的that/which可以省略）。例如：
This is the reason he gave me.
This is the reason he didn??t come to school today.
第一句中定语从句可还原为he gave me the reason， 先行词reason在定语从句中作宾语，故关系词用that或which或省略；第二句中定语从句可还原为for the reason he didn??t come to school today， 故关系词用why或for which或that或省略。
二、 介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句
介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句的常见结构有：
（1） 介词 + which（指物）；介词 + whom（指人）
Is that the pen with which you wrote the letter？
This is the hero of whom we are proud.
（2） 名词 + of + which/whom = whose + 名词 + ...
Please pass me the book， the covers of which are blue.
= Please pass me the book， whose covers are blue.
（3） 数词 + of + which/whom
She??s got three lucky pens， two of which she never uses.
（4） 代词 + of + which/whom
In the basket I find many apples， some of which have gone bad.
（5） 最高级 + of + which/whom
China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan.
其中，名词/数词/代词 + 介词 + which/whom常表示部分与整体关系或所属关系。介词的选择要根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系，根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系，同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。
三、 还原定语从句，检验先行词在定语从句中充当的成分
有时即使是同一个词作先行词，在不同的语境下也可以选择不同的关系词。
1. where引导的定语从句和where引导的状语从句的区别
① He found the books where he had put.
② He found the books in the place where he had put them.
句①中where引导的是状语从句， where意为“在……地方”，从句前无表示地点的先行词；句②中where引导的是定语从句，修饰the place， 主句为he found the books in the place， 定语从句可还原为he had put them in the place， 先行词place在定语从句中作状语，故关联词用where或介词 + which。
2. as引导的定语从句
as用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成the same ... as ...， such ... as ...， so ... as ... 等结构。例如：
I like the same book as you have.
I want to have such a dictionary as he has.
注意：此处要注意定语从句（下面句①）和状语从句（下面句②）的区别。
① Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out.
② Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question that nobody worked it out.
以上是笔者在定语从句的教学及高考阅卷中发现的疑难问题，也提出了相应的解决办法和应当注意的地方。当然它们必须和练习相结合，才能达到事半功倍的效果。