硅藻鼠科是仅分布于亚洲的啮齿类类群,头骨具豪猪型咬肌结构,下颌则为松鼠型。该类群代表了一个从梳趾鼠类分化出的区域性支系,虽与豪猪次目相近,但并不是它的成员。最早的硅藻鼠化石记录发现于Baluchistan渐新世陆相地层中,稍晚的记录发现于南业晚渐新世。印度次大陆连续的地层为该科的演化历史提供了主要的化石依据。早中新世晚期至中中新世,硅藻科化石也发现了泰国、中国以及日本。其后的硅藻鼠种类少且鲜有化石记录。晚中新世早期在巴基斯坦有一个种,中国南部晚中新世也可能有一个种。尽管在最早的化石地点发现的标本较多,但其后的时段内除泰国李盆地外化石并不丰富,这指示了其特殊的生活习性或其生活区域化石保存的偏差。已知的化石记录并没有指示出该类群的多样性,也可能是缺少石化作用的结果。硅藻鼠类在水系外围区域延续生存与最近在老挝中部多岩石地带发现的现生Laonastes也是一个硅藻鼠的假设相一致。 Diatom is only distributed in rodents in Asia, the porcupine with porcupine structure, the lower jaw is the squirrel type. This group represents a regional branch from a toed rodent that, although similar to the porcupine, is not a member of it. The earliest records of diatom fossils were found in the Oligocene continental strata of Baluchistan, with a later record found in the late Oligocene of South China. The continuous formation in the Indian subcontinent provides the major fossil basis for the evolutionary history of the division. From the late Early Miocene to the Middle Miocene, diatom fossils were also found in Thailand, China and Japan. Subsequent species of amphibians and few fossil records. Late in the Miocene, there was a species in Pakistan and late-Miocene in southern China. Despite the large number of specimens found at the earliest fossil sites, the fossil fuels other than the Thais Basin in the subsequent periods were not abundant, indicating their particular habitat or biosphere preservation in their living area. Known fossil record does not indicate the diversity of the taxa, it may also be the result of lack of petrification. The continuation of the survival of diatom rats in the peripheral zone of the water system is consistent with the hypothesis that the present-day Laonastes, found in the rocky central region of Laos recently, is also a diatomaceous mouse.