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西伯利亚杏是东北地区重要的果树和观赏植物资源,通过ISSR分子标记技术对东北地区2个西伯利亚杏自然居群的遗传多样性进行分析评价。根据多态性条带百分比(PPL)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)、Shannon信息指数(I)评价遗传多样性的大小,对西伯利亚杏个体和居群水平上的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:西伯利亚杏个体水平遗传多样性高于居群水平。居群水平上,通榆居群的遗传多样性较高;遗传变异主要存在于居群内部,且在居群内部分布较均匀。81份西伯利亚杏依据遗传相似系数构建的聚类分析图和PCA主成分分析图,二者研究结果一致,认为通榆居群的遗传多样性较高,东宁居群的西伯利亚杏可能是从通榆居群漂移过去的,并产生了适应当地生境的变异类型。因此认为东北西伯利亚杏保护的重点应是通榆居群以及东宁居群中的变异类型。
Siberian apricot is an important fruit tree and ornamental plant resource in Northeast China. The genetic diversity of two natural populations of Siberian apricot in Northeast China was analyzed by ISSR molecular marker. The genetic diversity of individuals and populations of Siberian apricot was analyzed based on the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPL), Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I). The results showed that the individual genetic level of Siberian apricot was higher than the population level. At population level, the genetic diversity of Tongyu population is higher; the genetic variation mainly exists within the population and more evenly distributed within the population. 81 Siberian apricots based on genetic similarity coefficient to construct the cluster analysis and PCA principal component analysis, the two findings are consistent, that the genetic diversity of Tongyu population is higher, the population of Siberian apricot Dongning may be from pass Elm populations drift past and produce variations that adapt to the local habitat. Therefore, the protection of northeastern Siberian apricot should be the focus of the Tongyu population and the variation types of Dongning population.