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目的评价深圳市“降低孕产妇死亡率、消除新生儿破伤风”项目健康教育与健康促进的效果,更好地为政府及相关部门制定相关政策提供依据。方法通过干预前后流动育龄妇女问卷调查及常住人口中干预组孕妇与对照组孕妇比较,评价健康教育效果。结果实施健康教育后,流动孕产妇孕产期保健知识知晓率与实施前相比明显提高(P<0.05),教育前后存在显著性差异;孕妇及家属妇幼保健知识培训后相关知识的正确率明显提高,20项保健知识中有19项(P<0.05)与对照组相比存在显著性差异;与2000年底相比,2006年底全市常住人口(户籍和暂住)孕产妇死亡率下降了一半;全人口孕产妇死亡率下降了2/3;新生儿破伤风发病率(全人口)下降了163%。全市户籍人口孕产妇率及新生儿破伤风发病率已连续3年为“0”。结论深圳市“降消”项目中实施健康教育与健康促进,可有效地提高育龄妇女的自我保健意识,对降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风有着不可替代的作用。
Objective To evaluate the health education and health promotion effects of the project of “reducing maternal mortality and eliminating neonatal tetanus” in Shenzhen, and to provide a basis for the government and related departments to formulate relevant policies. Methods The effect of health education was evaluated by the questionnaire survey of pregnant and childbearing women before and after intervention and the comparison between pregnant women in the intervention group and the pregnant women in the control group. Results After the implementation of health education, the awareness rate of maternal health knowledge during pregnancy and maternal period was significantly higher than before implementation (P<0.05). There was a significant difference before and after education; the correct knowledge rate of maternal and child care knowledge after maternal and child care training was significantly improved for pregnant women and their families. In the improvement, 19 out of 20 health care knowledge (P<0.05) were significantly different from those in the control group. Compared with the end of 2000, the maternal mortality rate of permanent residents of the city (household registration and temporary stay) decreased by half at the end of 2006; The maternal mortality rate of the whole population has dropped by 2/3; the incidence of neonatal tetanus (full population) has dropped by 163%. The rate of maternal birth rate and incidence of neonatal tetanus in the city’s household registration has been “0” for three consecutive years. Conclusion The implementation of health education and health promotion in the “Downsizing and Depleting” Project in Shenzhen City can effectively improve the self-care awareness of women of childbearing age, and has an irreplaceable role in reducing maternal mortality and eliminating neonatal tetanus.