论文部分内容阅读
随着人类对石油开发利用的不断增加,大量的石油及其炼制品,通过海上运输时的油船事故、海底油田开采溢漏、井喷、战争以及向海洋排放含油污水等途径流入海洋。近年来,每年约有600万吨石油及其炼制品流入海洋,从而造成危害严重的石油污染。石油进入海洋后,首先形成一片油膜,进而在风浪及海流的作用下,分割成小面积的油膜后再随风漂移扩散。在漂移及扩散过程中,一部分蒸发到大气层中;一部分则被氧化分解;还有一部分在海洋“自净力”饱和的情况下,溶解或乳化入海洋水体中,被海洋生物吸收而危及生物;最后一部分将形成沥青块沉入
As mankind continues to increase its exploitation and utilization of oil resources, large quantities of oil and its refined products, oil tanker accidents by sea, oil spill in submarine fields, blowout, war and the discharge of oil-contaminated water into the oceans and other means into the sea. In recent years, about 6 million tons of oil and its refined products have been flowing into the ocean every year, causing serious pollution to oil. After the oil enters the ocean, it first forms an oil film, and then it is divided into a small area of oil film and then drifts along with the wind, under the action of wind waves and currents. In the process of drift and diffusion, some are evaporated into the atmosphere; some are oxidized and decomposed; while others are dissolved or emulsified into the ocean water when the “self-purification” of the ocean is saturated, and are absorbed by the marine organisms and endanger the organisms; finally Part of the formation of asphalt blocks sink