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[目的]筛选出适合贵州山地果园节水灌溉的有效技术和方法。[方法]以椪柑为试材,研究微喷灌、明灌覆盖和明灌不同灌溉方式下柑橘的生长状况、产量和品质。[结果]微喷灌和明灌覆盖处理的柑橘新梢生长量大于明灌处理,微喷灌处理的柑橘新梢生长的平均长度高于明灌覆盖。微喷灌和明灌覆盖处理的椪柑平均单果重显著大于明灌处理。微喷灌处理的产量最高,极显著高于其他两种处理,明灌覆盖处理的产量极显著高于明灌处理。明灌处理的椪柑果实可溶性固形物、糖、酸及维生素C含量均高于其他两种处理,微喷灌和明灌覆盖处理对果实品质有不同程度的影响。[结论]综合考虑节水效果和经济效益,微喷灌是贵州山地果园较为理想的灌溉方式,可大面积推广。
[Objective] The research aimed to screen out effective techniques and methods for water-saving irrigation in mountain orchard in Guizhou. [Method] With Citrus reticulate as test material, the growth status, yield and quality of citrus were studied under different irrigation modes of micro-irrigation, clear irrigation and open irrigation. [Result] The growth of citrus shoots under micro-irrigation and light-irrigation treatments was greater than that of light irrigation treatments. The average length of citrus shoots grown under micro-irrigation was higher than that under light irrigation. The average fruit weight of Ponkan (Citrus reticulata) treated with micro-irrigation and light irrigation was significantly greater than that with light irrigation. The micro-sprinkler irrigation had the highest yield, which was significantly higher than the other two treatments. The yield of the open irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the open irrigation treatment. The contents of soluble solids, sugar, acid and vitamin C in the fruits of Minggan were higher than those of the other two treatments. The effects of micro-sprinkling irrigation and light irrigation treatment on fruit quality were affected to some extent. [Conclusion] Considering the effect of water saving and economic benefits, micro-irrigation is an ideal irrigation method for mountain orchards in Guizhou and can be popularized widely.