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以免疫检查点抑制剂为首的免疫治疗已成为黑素瘤的一线标准治疗手段,而程序性死亡因子1(programmed cell death-1,PD-1)抑制剂与细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4,CTLA-4)抑制剂的联合应用,即免疫联合治疗进一步提高了药物的抗肿瘤效应,改善了患者的应答率,延长了患者的生存时间,因而成为黑素瘤治疗的新方向。与此同时,免疫联合治疗在其他多种肿瘤中的抗肿瘤效应也令人鼓舞。免疫联合治疗为患者提供了新的治疗选择,但同时也有诸多问题需要深入探讨。为使患者得到最大获益,如何优化联合治疗模式、如何选择合适的治疗人群、如何权衡患者风险获益等,都需要通过开展更多的大型临床研究予以解答。
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has become the first line of standard melanoma treatment, and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 ( cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor combination of immune conjugate therapy to further improve the anti-tumor effect of drugs to improve the patient’s response rate and prolong the survival time of patients, which became black The new direction of the treatment of cancer. In the meantime, the anti-tumor effect of immunotherapy in many other tumors is encouraging. Combined immunotherapy provides patients with new treatment options, but there are also many issues that need further study. In order to maximize the benefits of patients, how to optimize the combination therapy, how to choose the appropriate treatment of the crowd, and how to balance the benefits of patient risk, we need to carry out more large-scale clinical research to answer.