目的调查衢州市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋的情况和相关因素,以为临床预防措施提供参考。方法选择衢州市5所公办幼儿园,5所民办幼儿园,共1 000名儿童,检查儿童口腔内情况并对儿童日常口腔卫生行为进行问卷调查。结果不同性别的平均年龄无统计学差异(t=0.000,P>0.05),受调查儿童的总患龋率为79.80%,其中男童患龋率80.84%,女童患龋率78.54%,组间比较患龋率无统计学差异(χ~2=0.001,P>0.05)。男性儿童龋均6.18颗,女性儿童龋均6.92颗,平均龋均6.53颗。男童中,龋齿率为67.92%,失牙率为2.98%,补牙率为29.10%,女童中,龋齿率为64.88%,失牙率为2.33%,补牙率为32.79%,组间比较均无统计学差异(χ~2=0.226、0.049、0.267,均P>0.05)。父母学历对龋病的发生率无统计学差异(χ~2=3.004,均P>0.05)。儿童刷牙年龄、每日刷牙次数、睡前进食甜食、父母对口腔卫生重视程度、父母对口腔卫生了解程度等因素比较,差异具有统计学差异(χ~2=15.010、18.460、41.812、34.916、44.855,均P<0.05)。结论导致儿童乳牙发生龋病的因素较多,口腔工作者要加大对家长的口腔卫生宣传力度,定期对区域内儿童的口腔进行检查,对发生了龋坏的牙齿及时进行相应的治疗,从而保护儿童口腔的卫生,有利于儿童的健康成长。 Objective To investigate the prevalence of decayed caries in preschool children in Quzhou City and related factors in order to provide reference for clinical preventive measures. Methods Five public kindergartens and five private kindergartens in Quzhou City were selected. A total of 1,000 children were examined for oral hygiene in children and a questionnaire survey was conducted on children’s daily oral hygiene. Results The average age of different sexes had no significant difference (t = 0.000, P> 0.05). The total caries prevalence of the investigated children was 79.80%, among them, the caries prevalence rate was 80.84% ​​for boys and 78.54% for girls, There was no significant difference in caries prevalence (χ ~ 2 = 0.001, P> 0.05). There were 6.18 caries in males and 6.92 caries in females. The mean caries was 6.53. Among boys, the prevalence of dental caries was 67.92%, the rate of tooth loss was 2.98% and the rate of dental fill was 29.10%. In girls, the tooth decay rate was 64.88%, the rate of tooth loss was 2.33% and the rate of dental filling was 32.79% Statistical difference (χ ~ 2 = 0.226,0.049,0.267, all P> 0.05). No significant difference was found in the incidence of dental caries between parents and parents (χ ~ 2 = 3.004, all P> 0.05). Children brushing age, daily brushing times, eating sweets before going to bed, parents pay more attention to oral hygiene, parents understand the degree of oral hygiene and other factors, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 15.010,18.460,41.812,34.916,44.855 , All P <0.05). Conclusion There are many factors that lead to dental caries in deciduous teeth of children. Oral workers should step up publicity on oral hygiene of their parents, check the oral cavity of children in the area on a regular basis, and treat the decayed teeth in time accordingly. Protect the health of children’s oral health is conducive to the healthy growth of children.