我国封建社会政治制度的一个最基本特征是君位由皇帝世袭,各级官吏由考选产生。秦汉的乡举里选,魏晋南北朝的九品中正,隋唐以后的科举都是选拔官吏的重要方式。配合着这种选拔方式,国家又对官吏的功过行能进行考核,这便是考课。考课有两种含义:一是考,即考察各级官吏任职期间执行国家法令的具体表现;二是课,即依照国家所规定的行政计划进行督课。换句话说,考课就是国家依照所颁布的法令和行政规划,在 One of the most basic characteristics of the political system of feudal society in our country is that hereditary monarchs were hereditary by the emperor and bureaucrats at all levels were selected by the examination. The election of Qin and Han townships, the nine products in the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the imperial examinations after the Sui and Tang Dynasties are important ways to select officials. With this way of selection, the state has the ability to conduct official assessment of the merits, this is the test class. There are two meanings of the test: First, the test, that is, examine the performance of the state at all levels of government officials during the implementation of the specific performance; the second is the class, that is, in accordance with the state’s administrative plan for supervision. In other words, the exam is the country in accordance with the decrees and administrative regulations promulgated