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针对石油工业发展进程中原油品质变差、沥青质易于絮凝析出,进而影响原油开采、储运和加工等生产过程的问题,从石油胶体模型、胶体稳定性和胶粒尺寸等方面概述了国内外有关石油胶体性质的研究成果。自石油胶体学说诞生以来,不但得到了小角X射线散射和小角中子散射等实验结果的验证,而且相继建立了不同分散相和分散介质的胶体模型;胶体稳定性的表征方法主要有滴扩散法、光学仪器法、声共振法、粘度法、电导率法;影响石油中沥青质稳定存在的主要因素包括:胶质的含量、形状和尺寸,沥青质的数量和化学结构,添加剂的化学结构;测定沥青质胶粒尺寸的方法主要有3类:散射法、流体力学参数法、光电显微分析法。添加适宜的化学剂能够缓解沥青质的絮凝沉积,提高石油资源的利用率。
In view of the deterioration of the quality of crude oil, the easiness of flocculation of asphaltene in the process of petroleum industry development, which will affect the production process of crude oil extraction, storage, transportation and processing. The petroleum colloid model, colloid stability and colloidal particle size are summarized Research on the nature of petroleum colloids. Since the birth of petroleum colloid theory, not only the experimental results of small-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering have been verified, but also the colloidal models of different dispersed and dispersed media have been established one after another. The colloidal stability is mainly characterized by the drop diffusion method , Optical instruments method, acoustic resonance method, viscosity method and conductivity method. The main factors that affect the stability of asphaltene in petroleum include: the content, shape and size of colloid, the quantity and chemical structure of asphaltene, the chemical structure of additives; There are three main methods to determine the size of asphaltene micelles: scattering method, hydrodynamic parameter method and photoelectric micro-analysis method. Add appropriate chemicals can ease the asphaltene flocculation deposition, improve the utilization of oil resources.