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首先根据等价交换和劳动价值论的假定,揭示任意单位商品的价格与价值的关系;其次根据完全竞争、利润最大化、边际产品递减和所有生产者均使用相同的劳动投入的假定,推导整个经济中资源最优配置的价格条件,即所有行业的以价格表示的劳动的边际收益均相等;再次把单位商品的价格与价值的关系代入资源最优配置的价格条件,推导资源最优配置的价值条件,即所有行业的以价值表示的劳动的边际收益均相等,或者,所有产品的以价格和价值表示的边际收益的比率均相等。由此表明,不仅价值是价格的基础,而且,资源最优配置的价值条件也是相应的价格条件的基础,或者说,资源最优配置的价格条件是相应的价值条件的表现形式。
First of all, based on the assumption of equivalence exchange and labor value theory, the relationship between the price and the value of any unit commodity is revealed. Secondly, based on the assumption of complete competition, profit maximization, diminishing marginal product and the same labor input used by all producers, The optimal price allocation of resources in the economy, that is, the marginal benefits of labor in all industries expressed by price are equal; once again, the relationship between the price and the value of the unit commodity is substituted into the price conditions for the optimal allocation of resources to derive the optimal allocation of resources The value conditions, that is, the marginal benefits of labor by value in all industries are equal, or the marginal benefits of prices and values of all products are equal. It shows that not only value is the basis of price, but also the value condition of optimal allocation of resources is also the basis of the corresponding price conditions. Or, the price condition of optimal allocation of resources is the manifestation of corresponding value conditions.