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基于学术研究目的船舶遗存复原或重建实验,主要依据考古实物、古代文献和对沿袭传统造船技术地区的民族学调查,应用各种实验技术,模拟相同的技术方法和行为模式,重构与历史原型尽可能接近的复制品,对古代船舶进行外观复原、结构重建与设计与建造原理解读,认识和揭示出其中的技术逻辑,反过来为船舶考古发掘中的细节提供解释。通过对8只赶缯战船模型与1艘1:1实船的复原实验与研究,对中国帆船的横向舱壁式(transverse watertight bulkhead)船体结构、桅座(mast bed)结构、可升降及可摆起轴转舵、篾帆(bamboo strip canopy)等特征分别定量探讨,并对模数制(modular system of construction)这一种古代船舶设计原理和设计方法进行初步的整理,提出持续的船舶遗存重构实验是目前保留中国帆船作为世间遗产的唯一有效手段。此外,本文还对船舶遗存重构实验中所采用的研究方法与技术工具做了介绍。
Based on the archeological objects, ancient literature and ethnographic investigation of the shipbuilding areas following the purpose of academic research, various experimental techniques were used to simulate the same technical methods and behavioral patterns, and the reconstruction and historical prototype As close as possible to the replicas, the interpretation of the principles of structural restoration, design and construction of ancient ships, the recognition and revelation of the technical logic therein, and in turn the interpretation of details in the archeological excavations of ships. Through the experiment and research on the recovery of eight warship warships and one 1: 1 real ship, the transverse watertight bulkhead hull structure, mast bed structure, The pendulum axis tiller, bamboo strip canopy and so on were quantitatively discussed respectively. The principle and design method of modular system of construction, an ancient ship, were preliminarily sorted out, and the continuous ship Residual reconstruction experiments are the only effective means of preserving Chinese sailing vessels as a legacy of the world at this time. In addition, this article also introduces the research methods and technical tools used in the experiment of reconstruction of ship remains.