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19世纪70年代以后,随着以电的发现和运用为标志的第二次工业革命的兴起,资本主义生产的社会化程度日益扩大,自由竞争逐渐走向垄断,资本的个体经营越来越被股份公司的经营所替代。到了90年代,欧美主要资本主义国家已接近完成向垄断资本主义的过渡,并呈现出一系列新的社会现象。恩格斯敏锐地观察到了这些新的时代变化,对资本主义发展和社会主义运动过程中的一系列问题作了深层次的思考,用新的判断修正和取代了过时的结论,这在他晚年的许多著作和序言中都有所涉及和反映。在这些篇章中,有的是对资本主义新特征的科学预见,有的是对资本主义和平发展时期无产阶级斗争策略的重大调整,有的是对无产阶级政权组织形式的切实展望,有的是对未来社会发展道路及目标的多元探索,为我们留下了一份宝贵的理论遗产。
Since the 1970s, with the rise of the second industrial revolution marked by the discovery and use of electricity, the degree of socialization of capitalist production has been expanding and the free competition has gradually taken a monopoly. The self-management of capital is increasingly being taken up by shares The company’s business instead. By the 1990s, the major capitalist countries in Europe and the United States have almost completed the transition to monopoly capitalism and have shown a series of new social phenomena. Engels keenly observed these new changes in the times, deeply pondered a series of issues in the process of capitalist development and the socialist movement, revised and replaced the outdated conclusions with new judgments, and many of his later years There are references and reflections in the books and prefaces. Some of these chapters are scientific predictions of new characteristics of capitalism, some of them major adjustments to the strategy of proletarian struggle during the peaceful development of capitalism, some are practical expectations of the proletarian form of the organization of the organization, and some are to the future of social development Multiple exploration, left us a valuable theoretical legacy.