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刑事辩护制度是刑事诉讼法中的一项十分重要的制度。无罪推定原则、程序主体性理论和对立统一规律共同构成了这一制度的理论基础。无罪推定原则是各国普遍奉行的刑事诉讼原则，这一原则在现代刑事诉讼中占有极其重要的地位，我国在司法和立法实际及法学理论上，实际上已经确立了这一原则。程序主体性理论强调刑事诉讼中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在诉讼过程中与控诉机关、审判机关拥有同等的程序主体地位，旨在保护被追诉的人所应享有的诉讼权利，如辩护权，这一理论在我国法律中也得到了体现。对立统一规律是马克思主义唯物辩证法的规律之一，在刑事诉讼中，控诉与辩护是对立的两个方面，处于一个矛盾统一体之中，刑事辩护制度的设置将刑事诉讼中的矛盾制度化，有利于冲突的妥善解决。
The criminal defense system is a very important system in the criminal procedure law. The principle of presumption of innocence, the theory of procedural subjectivity and the law of unity of opposites together form the theoretical basis of this system. The principle of presumption of innocence is universally applied in all countries, the principle of criminal procedure, which occupies an extremely important position in modern criminal procedure. Our country has actually established this principle in the judicial, legislative and legal theories. The procedural subjectivity theory emphasizes that the suspects and defendants in criminal proceedings have the same procedure main body position with the prosecutorial organs and judicial authorities in the process of litigation so as to protect litigation rights such as the right of defense, The theory has also been reflected in our law. The law of unity of opposites is one of the laws of materialist dialectics of Marxism. In criminal litigation, the prosecution and defense are the two opposite sides and they are in a contradictory unity. The system of criminal defense system institutionalizes the contradiction in criminal procedure, Conducive to the proper settlement of conflicts.