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目的了解我院入学新生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况及变化趋势,以加强对HBV的预防和控制,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测我院2001～2005年入学新生3791人HBV标志物(HBVM)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),并对结果进行统计分析。结果我院新生HBsAg平均阳性率为10.08%,男生13.45%,女生8.97%,男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.61,P<0.01)。HBsAg阳性ALT异常率为7.33%(28/382)。5年新生HBsAg阳性率呈明显下降趋势,共下降6.32个百分点。HBsAg阳性的7种模式中,以“1.3.5”阳性和“1.4.5”阳性为主,分别为45.81%和30.89%,二者总阳性率为76.70%。抗-HBs阳性率较高,阳性率为54.73%,以单纯抗-HBs阳性为主,占74.17%。结论我院新生HBsAg阳性率高于全国平均水平(8.83%),也高于全国部分大学生平均水平(8.40%)。应加强对“1.3.5”阳性和“1.4.5”阳性且伴有ALT升高学生进行治疗、跟踪、复查;对易感者进行乙肝疫苗接种;同时,对学生进行乙肝健康教育,加强对传染源的管理。
Objective To understand the status and trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among freshmen in our hospital so as to strengthen the prevention and control of HBV and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment in the future. Methods The HBV markers (HBVM) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 3791 freshmen from 2001 to 2005 in our hospital were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The average positive rate of newborn HBsAg in our hospital was 10.08%, 13.45% for boys and 8.97% for girls. There was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls (χ2 = 15.61, P <0.01). The abnormal rate of HBsAg positive ALT was 7.33% (28/382). The positive rate of HBsAg in 5 years showed a significant downward trend, a total decrease of 6.32 percentage points. Of the seven HBsAg positive modes, the positive rates of “1.3.5” and “1.4.5” were mainly 45.81% and 30.89%, respectively. The positive rate of the two was 76.70%. Anti-HBs positive rate was higher, the positive rate was 54.73%, with anti-HBs positive mainly, accounting for 74.17%. Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg in freshmen in our hospital is higher than the national average (8.83%) and higher than the average level of some college students in China (8.40%). Should be strengthened on the “1.3.5” positive and “1.4.5” positive and associated with elevated ALT treatment, follow-up, review; susceptible hepatitis B vaccination; the same time, hepatitis B health education for students to strengthen the Infection source management.