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随着我国经济的发展和营养与生活方式的迅速变迁,近年来我国居民肥胖、2型糖尿病等慢性代谢性疾病患病率激增,已成为影响国民健康最主要的威胁。有研究显示:与白种人相比,亚洲人具有较高的2型糖尿病遗传易感性,这可能与“代谢性肥胖”表型和遭遇营养转型中的“致肥胖环境”有关。大量的研究结果表明,此类慢性代谢性疾病是遗传和环境因素交互作用的结果。随着全基因组关联研究开展,目前已发现了20多个肥胖和2型糖尿病易感基因,不仅揭示了不同种族人群在基因结构和效应值方面存在着差异,但同时也发现遗传方面的差异仍无法完全解释东西方人在发病风险方面的不同。膳食、生活方式等环境因素仍被认为是2型糖尿病发病中的重要决定因素。在全基因组关联研究后时代,国际上的研究将更加强调基因—基因、基因—环境、基因—表型之间的交互作用对代谢性疾病的影响和相关的机制。事实上,有研究表明,各种基因多态性、炎性因子和脂肪细胞因子等都可能成为早期诊断的生物标记物,而通过改变膳食和生活方式则是目前国际公认的预防和控制慢性代谢性疾病最有效的方法。然而,我国尤为缺乏在大规模前瞻性流行病学研究中对导致慢性代谢性疾病流行的主要遗传和环境因素,以及基因—环境相互作用对健康的影响方面的系统的研究。而这类研究将为建立适用于中国人群遗传和表型特征的早期诊断生物标记物和有效预防干预策略奠定基础。
With the development of our economy and the rapid changes of nutrition and life style, the prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes in our country has risen sharply in recent years, which has become the most important threat to national health. Studies have shown that Asians have a higher genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes than Caucasians, which may be related to the “metabolic obesity” phenotype and the “fat-induced environment” in nutritional transformation . Numerous findings show that such chronic metabolic diseases are the result of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. With the development of genome-wide association studies, more than 20 susceptible genes of obesity and type 2 diabetes have been discovered, not only revealing differences in gene structure and effect value among different ethnic groups, but also finding genetic differences Eastern and Western people can not fully explain the difference in the risk of onset. Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle are still considered as important determinants of type 2 diabetes. In the era of genome-wide association research, international studies will place more emphasis on the impact of gene-gene, gene-environment, and gene-phenotype interactions on metabolic diseases and related mechanisms. In fact, studies have shown that a variety of genetic polymorphisms, inflammatory factors and adipocytokines may become early biomarkers of diagnosis, and by changing the diet and lifestyle is currently internationally recognized as a preventive and control of chronic metabolism Sexually transmitted diseases the most effective way. However, our country lacks, in particular, a systematic study of the major genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases in large-scale prospective epidemiological studies, and the health effects of gene-environment interactions. Such studies will lay the foundation for the establishment of early diagnostic biomarkers and effective preventive intervention strategies applicable to the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Chinese population.