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1.Human-cyber-physical ternary computing——a paradigm shift to computing for the masses Over the past five decades,the development of information technology(IT)has mainly focused on highperformance,general purpose and large-scale production,while affordability,usability,reliability,security and customization have not received enough attention.Future information products and services should meet the personalized demand of billions of individual users[1].This trend is called Computing for the masses(or e-People).Traditional computing is dominated by institutional computing in the cyberspace,providing IT value(IT hardware,software,and services)to companies(e-Business),research institutions(e-Science),and government agencies(e-Government).Computing for the masses is different in two aspects:it provides business value to the billions
1.Human-cyber-physical ternary computing - a paradigm shift to computing for the masses Over the past five decades, the development of information technology (IT) has primarily focused on high performance, general purpose and large-scale production, while affordability, usability, reliability, security and customization have not received enough attention. Future information products and services should meet the personalized demand of billions of individual users [1] .This trend is called Computing for the masses (or e-People) .Traditional computing is dominated by institutional computing in the cyberspace, providing IT value (IT hardware, software, and services) to companies (e-Business), research institutions (e-science), and government agencies (e-Government) .Computing for the masses is different in two aspects: it provide business value to the billions