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绪论供应链管理的概念产生于20世纪80年代,从90年代后期开始快速发展。目前,国际上还没有公认的供应链管理的定义,国内外不同学者也都有着各自的看法。美国学者埃尔拉姆(Ellram)认为,供应链是从原料供应到最终交付产品或服务过程中,通过各种流连接的、相互影响的企业构成的网络。美国供应链协会认为:“供应链管理包括贯穿于整个供应链渠道来管理供应与需求,原材料与零部件采购、制造与装配、仓储与存货跟踪、订单录入与管理、分销以及向顾客交货。”我国2001年发布实施的《物流术语》国家标准对供应链管理的定义是:“利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息
Introduction The concept of supply chain management originated in the 1980s and has grown rapidly since the late 1990s. At present, there is no universally accepted definition of supply chain management, and different scholars both at home and abroad also have their own views. According to Ellram, the American scholar, the supply chain is a network of raw materials and supplies that are delivered through the various connected and interacting enterprises in the final delivery of products or services. The US Supply Chain Association said: ”Supply chain management includes managing supply and demand throughout the supply chain, purchasing raw materials and components, manufacturing and assembly, warehousing and inventory tracking, order entry and management, distribution, and delivery to customers . “China’s national standards for logistics terminology released in 2001 defines supply chain management as: ” Using computer network technology to fully plan the business flow, logistics, information in the supply chain