目的评估高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)对预防艾滋病病毒(HIV)母婴传播的效力。方法 50例怀孕的艾滋病感染者采用HAART,在怀孕第4周给予奈韦拉平(NVP)+拉米夫定(3TC)+齐多夫定(AZT),随后在分娩时静脉注射NVP,并且产后给婴儿服用NVP糖浆持续6周。测定HAART治疗前后的CD4+T淋巴细胞数和病毒载量。试验数据通过Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验进行分析。结果在母亲体内的CD4+T淋巴细胞平均数HAART治疗后[(495.78±16.68)/ml)]显著高于治疗前[(439.91±17.83)/ml],差异有统计学意义(Z=15.564,P<0.01)。在母亲体内的病毒载量HAART治疗后[(11 572±956)拷贝数/ml]较治疗前[(17 365±1 468)拷贝数/ml]显著降低,差异有统计学意义(Z=11.314,P<0.01)。母亲经过HAART治疗后超过90.00%(45/50)的婴儿HIV呈阴性。结论对母亲和孩子的HAART是防止HIV母婴传播的有效方法。 Objective To assess the efficacy of HAART in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Methods Fifty pregnant women with HIV infection were treated with HAART and nevirapine (NVP) + lamivudine (3TC) plus zidovudine (AZT) at 4 weeks of gestation followed by intravenous injection of NVP at delivery and postnatal delivery to infants Take NVP syrup for 6 weeks. The number of CD4 + T lymphocytes and the viral load before and after HAART treatment were determined. Test data were analyzed by Wilcoxon paired symbol rank sum test. Results The average number of CD4 + T lymphocytes in mothers after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment [(495.78 ± 16.68) / ml] [(439.91 ± 17.83) / ml], with significant difference (Z = 15.564, P <0.01). [(11 572 ± 956) copies / ml] was significantly lower than that before treatment [(17 365 ± 1 468) copies / ml] after HAART treatment in the mother, the difference was statistically significant (Z = 11.314 , P <0.01). Over 90.00% (45/50) of mothers were HIV negative after HAART treatment. Conclusion HAART to mothers and children is an effective way to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.