应用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ银染技术检测了４０例食管鳞状细胞癌及癌旁组织中ｐ１６基因的突变情况。结果：１１例（２７．５％）癌组织中有ｐ１６基因突变，其中９例发生在第２外显子，突变率随癌分化程度减低及浆膜浸润和淋巴转移有增高趋势。癌旁粘膜中未发现ｐ１６基因突变。提示：食管鳞癌中存在ｐ１６基因突变，是食管癌发生中的晚期事件，并可能与食管癌的进展与转移有关。 PCR-SSCP silver staining technique was used to detect the mutation of p16 gene in 40 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent tissues. Results: 11 cases (27.5%) had p16 gene mutations in cancer tissues, of which 9 cases occurred in exon 2, and the mutation rate decreased with the degree of cancer differentiation and the plasma membrane infiltration and lymph node metastasis increased. No p16 gene mutation was found in the paraneoplastic mucosa. The p16 gene mutation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a late event in the development of esophageal cancer and may be related to the progression and metastasis of esophageal cancer.