高校图书馆的有效管理,依赖于高效能的图书馆结构;而图书馆结构中的关键因素是高校图书馆机构的跨度(平行机构数量)和层次(垂直机构数量)。从国外高校图书馆结构模式看,大体分为两类,一是跨度小、层次多,二是层次少、跨度大。本文以日、苏两国高校图书馆为例进行比较,认为日本高校图书馆属于跨度小、层次多的结构模式,而苏联高校图书馆则属于层次少、跨度大的结构模式。作者根据1981年的《高校图书馆工作条例》规定的基本结构模式和扩展结构模 The effective management of university libraries depends on the highly efficient library structure. The key factor in the structure of the library structure is the span (the number of parallel institutions) and the level (the number of vertical institutions) of the university library institutions. From the foreign university library structure model, generally divided into two categories, one is the span of small, multi-level, the second is the level of small, large span. Taking the Japanese and Soviet universities’ libraries as an example, this paper argues that the Japanese university libraries belong to the small span and multi-level structural models, while the Soviet Union’s university libraries belong to the hierarchical and sparse structure model. According to the 1981 “College Library Regulations” provides the basic structure of the model and the expansion of structural model