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鉴于玉米生长后期叶斑病田间防治操作困难的问题,于2012年和2013年在黑龙江省黑河市和河南省西平县分别针对春玉米的大斑病、夏玉米的小斑病及南方锈病进行了叶斑病防控措施的试验研究。试验结果表明,选用保护性与治疗性兼顾的内吸性杀菌剂,在玉米10~13叶期(大喇叭口期)采用一次机械喷雾的方式进行田间作业,有效降低了玉米生产后期的叶斑病发生程度:大斑病病株率、发病级别和病情指数分别下降32.0%~71.1%、0.66~1.11和51.7%~81.4%;小斑病发病级别和病情指数分别下降0.48~1.10和20.9%~35.7%;南方锈病发病级别和病情指数分别下降0.25~0.60和7.4%~12.0%;保护了中下部叶片并推迟田间大斑病的初发时间;由于延长了叶片功能期,降低了病害对玉米产量的影响,可挽回春玉米损失2.4%~2.7%,可挽回夏玉米损失2.0%~8.6%。玉米生长中期阶段的喷药对后期叶斑病的防控作用明显。
In view of the difficult operation and prevention of leaf spot disease in the field of maize in the late growth stage, in 2012 and 2013 in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province and Xiping County, Henan Province, the leaf spot of spring maize, small spot disease and southern rust of summer maize Experimental Study on Prevention and Control of Leaf Spot Disease. The results showed that the selection of protective and therapeutic both systemic fungicide, corn 10 to 13 leaf stage (large bell mouth) by a mechanical spray field operations, effectively reducing the late corn leaf spot The incidence of disease: the incidence of disease and the severity index of disease decreased by 32.0% -71.1%, 0.66-1.11 and 51.7% -81.4%, respectively; the incidence and severity index of small spot disease decreased by 0.48-1.10 and 20.9% ~ 35.7%, respectively; the incidence and disease index of southern rust decreased by 0.25 ~ 0.60 and 7.4% ~ 12.0% respectively; the middle and lower leaves were protected and the onset time of field spotted leaf spot was delayed; The impact of corn yield can be recovered 2.4% ~ 2.7% loss of spring corn, corn loss can be retrieved 2.0% ~ 8.6%. The mid-stage of corn growth spraying on the late leaf spot prevention and control effect is obvious.