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目的研究人体上呼吸道内气溶胶沉积规律,分析呼吸模式对气溶胶沉积规律的影响。方法建立人体上呼吸道计算机数值仿真模型,采用计算流体动力学方法对人体上呼吸道内的气溶胶沉积进行数值仿真,分析气溶胶在上呼吸道内的沉积规律。结果人体上呼吸道内不同部位气溶胶沉积率随惯性参数的增加而增加,人体上呼吸道内的呼吸流量和气溶胶性质对气溶胶在上呼吸道内的沉积模式影响较小,受到惯性碰撞和湍流扩散的影响致使在喉部气溶胶沉积最多。人体循环吸气模式下,气溶胶在人体上呼吸道内的沉积率高于稳态吸气模式下的气溶胶的沉积率。循环吸气模式下远大于循环呼气模式下气溶胶沉积率。结论惯性碰撞对于微尺度气溶胶沉积而言是主要的沉积机制,而湍流扩散、二次气流运动和环流气流运动对气溶胶在人体呼吸道内沉积同样具有重要的影响。
Objective To study the rule of aerosol deposition in upper respiratory tract and to analyze the influence of breathing pattern on aerosol deposition. Methods The computer numerical simulation model of human upper respiratory tract was established. The aerosol deposition in the upper respiratory tract was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics. The aerosol deposition in the upper respiratory tract was analyzed. Results Aerosol sedimentation rate in different parts of human upper respiratory tract increased with the increase of inertial parameters. Respiratory flow and aerosol properties in upper respiratory tract of human body had less influence on aerosol deposition patterns in the upper respiratory tract, and were affected by inertial collision and turbulent diffusion The effect causes the most aerosol deposition in the throat. Aerosol inhalation mode in the human body cycle, the deposition rate of aerosol in the human upper respiratory tract is higher than the aerosol deposition rate in steady-state inhalation mode. Cycle inspiratory mode is much greater than the cycle exhalation mode aerosol deposition rate. Conclusions Inertial collisions are the main deposition mechanism for microscale aerosols deposition. Turbulent diffusion, secondary airflow and circulation airflow also play an important role in aerosol deposition in human respiratory tract.