旱作农业的主要矛盾是“旱”，旱的实质是“水”。近年来，内蒙古哲里木盟大搞了以水利为中心的农田基本建设，取得了显著成绩。他们在探索合理、科学用水方面的做法值得旱作区推广借鉴。一、以土蓄水。土是农业的基础，水是农业的命脉，改造土壤是蓄水保墒的关键性措施。一是 The main contradiction of dry farming agriculture is “drought”, the essence of drought is “water”. In recent years, the Zhelem League in Inner Mongolia has vigorously conducted the farmland infrastructural construction centered on water conservancy, and has achieved remarkable successes. Their practice of exploring reasonable and scientific water use is worth promoting in the dryland area. First, to soil water. Soil is the basis of agriculture, water is the lifeblood of agriculture, and the transformation of soil is the key measure for water and soil conservation. One is