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中国书画鉴定的目鉴方法作为鉴定书画最基本和最重要的鉴定方法,自近50年来,逐步通过鉴定家们的归纳、梳理,从不同角度总结出目鉴方法中所包含的内容。综合诸家论述,书画鉴定中目鉴方法的主要内容即书画本身,对书画作品本身的鉴定研究,包括其核心内容即笔墨和辅助内容(结构、剪裁或称样式)。而书画的装潢、用材、纸绢、图章、款式题跋等,都是被鉴定的对象,也就构成了目鉴方法的次要内容。本文在简略介绍、例析目鉴中的主要内容——书画本身和次要内容(款识和题跋、印章、书画所用材料与工具、装潢)的作用与各自的局限性,其中的重点是在探析目鉴方法的核心内容,即笔墨鉴赏在书画鉴定中的意义和作用,以及相应的理论依据。
As the most basic and the most important identification method for appraising the calligraphy and painting, the visual method of Chinese calligraphy and painting appraisal has been gradually summarized and sorted out by the appraisers in the past 50 years. Based on the various arguments, the main content of the method of calligraphy and calligraphy identification in calligraphy and painting is calligraphy and painting itself. The research on the identification of calligraphy and painting itself includes the core contents of ink and auxiliary materials (structure, tailoring or style). The decoration of calligraphy and painting, timber, paper, stamps, styles inscriptions, etc., are identified by the object, it constitutes the secondary content of the Methodology. This article briefly introduces and analyzes the main contents of the jianjian - the role and limitations of the calligraphy and painting itself and the secondary content (paragraph knowledge and inscriptions, stamps, materials and tools used for painting and calligraphy, decoration), the focus of which is to explore The core content of visual method, that is, the significance and role of pen and ink appreciation in the identification of calligraphy and painting, and the corresponding theoretical basis.