西学东渐是一部近代东西文化碰撞和交融的历史。近代中日两国在西方先进文化巨大的冲击下,从被动到主动走上了近代化的道路。翻译不仅是西学东渐的开始,而且伴随西学东渐的全过程,记载了西学东渐的重要历史信息。从翻译史的角度,探讨西学东渐对中日近代翻译实践的影响,揭示出翻译实践背后中日对待西学的态度:中体西用与和魂洋才,是导致中国近代化道路曲折艰辛,而日本迅速跻身于世界列强的重要原因。 The gradual progress of western learning is a history of the collision and blending of modern East-West culture. Under the enormous impact of the advanced Western culture in modern times, China and Japan embarked on a path of modernization from passiveness to initiative. Translation is not only the beginning of the eastward development of western learning, but also accompanies the entire process of the eastward development of western learning. It also records important historical information about the eastward development of western learning. From the perspective of translation history, this paper explores the influence of western learning on the practice of modern Chinese and Japanese translation, and reveals the attitude of China and Japan toward Western learning behind the practice of translation. Japan’s rapid rise among the world’s major reasons.