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由于预审法官所同时具有的侦查和裁判两幅面孔使得其自身的内部职能之间出现了不协调,以及同一时期检察院权力的极大发展和扩张,预审在法国刑事诉讼中的重要程度日益下降,与之平行的其他审前程序则得到了充分的发展。不过,新创立的自由与羁押法官并没有很好地接替预审法官的角色,而检察院自身的中立性和独立性也受到了来自于行政机关的威胁。为了实现程序公正和“抗辩式诉讼”的目标,法国未来的刑事司法改革必须在行政机关与司法机关之间(决定着检察院的地位)、检察院与座席法官之间(决定着法官的地位)以及最终司法机关与诉讼当事人之间(决定着被告人与被害人的权利)的权力进行重新平衡。
Because of the two faces of investigating and refereeing the investigating judge at the same time, the incoordination between their own internal functions and the great development and expansion of the power of the procuratorate in the same period have led to the declining importance of pretrials in French criminal proceedings. Other pre-trial proceedings parallel to it have been fully developed. However, the newly created freedom and detention judge did not succeed well in the role of investigating judge, and the procuratorate’s own neutrality and independence have also come under the threat of the executive. In order to achieve procedural justice and the goal of “defensive litigation,” the future reform of criminal justice in France must be conducted between the executive authorities and the judiciary (determining the status of the procuratorate), between the procuratorate and the bench judge (determining the status of judges ) And between the final judiciary and litigants (determining the rights of the accused and the victim).