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常州派词学思想是清代词学乃至历代词学的一座重镇,对后来的理论研究和创作实践皆有深远之影响。因此,深入探讨这一词派词学思想之形成与发展的演变过程,对于我们进一步认识词不同于其他文体之美学特质、对于我们正确理解和把握优秀词篇的艺术价值所在,都有着极为重要的现实意义。本文首先对常州词人的士人心态、学术思潮以及嘉道时期词坛上出现的求变趋势作了具体的分析。说明常州词派之所以能够崛起于乾嘉之交,既与此时期特定之文化土壤及精神气候密切相关,同时也是词学自身发展规律的必然结果。在此基础上,本文以词之美感特质为主线,对嘉道时期常州派两位主要代表人物张惠言与周济二家的词学主张进行了爬梳整理。重点论述并评价了张惠言词学思想的基本内容,即立意为本之内蕴要求——近于比兴之表现方法——低徊要眇之审美追求——指发幽隐之鉴赏原则四部分;以及周济词学思想的主要内容,即“词史”说:周济对词之内蕴的拓展主张——“有无寄托”说与“寄托出入”说: 周济的创作论——重视接受主体之鉴赏思想——“空实”说与“浑厚”说:周济词境思想之萌芽四部分。在论述过程中,既力求真实地揭示常州派词学思想的理论价值,又试图反映出一条较为清晰的发展脉络,期望还常州词派以本来面貌。
Changzhou school of thought of Ci poetry is a city of ci poetry in the Qing dynasty and even the history of ci, which has far-reaching influence on the subsequent theoretical research and practice. Therefore, it is very important for us to probe deeply into the evolution of the formation and development of Ci-Ci ideology in this term. It is very important for us to further understand and grasp the artistic value of Ci-Ci The practical significance. This article first makes a concrete analysis of the mentality of the scholars in Changzhou, the academic trend of thought and the changing trend appearing in the Ci-altar of Jiadao period. It shows that the reason why the Changzhou Ci School can rise at the turn of Qian and Jia is not only closely related to the specific cultural soil and spiritual climate at this period, but also the inevitable result of its own law of development. On this basis, based on the aesthetic characteristics of Ci, this paper reviews the philological views of Zhang Hui-yan and Zhou Ji, two major representatives of Changzhou in Jiaqadang. It mainly discusses and evaluates the basic content of Zhang Huiyan’s thought of Ci-poetry, that is, the connotation-based intrinsic requirement-the performance method of Beixing-the aesthetic pursuit of low interest rate-refers to the four parts of the principle of appreciation ; And the main content of Ci Ji’s thought of Ci Ji, namely, the history of Ci, the expansion of Zhou Ci’s conception of Ci - the theory of “whether there is sustenance” and the theory of “sustenance and deposition”: the theory of creation of Zhou Ji - Appreciation of Thought - The Theory of “Emptiness” and “Conscientiousness”: Four Parts of Sprout of Zhou Ji ’s Contextual Thought. In the process of discussion, not only trying to reveal the theoretical value of Changzhou’s Ci-Ci ideology, but also attempting to reflect a clearer development vein, expecting Changzhou Ci School to be its original appearance.