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日本2000年《社会福利法》是日本社会福利制度的基础性结构改造,其最重要的结构性变化之一是“地域福利”首次法定化。文章从日本社会福利制度历史的角度,首次简要回顾迄今为止大约半个世纪日本地域福利的历史变迁,并将其分为三大发展阶段:第一阶段是社会福利协议会主导阶段;第二阶段是行政化阶段;第三阶段是地域福利主流化阶段。在地域福利各个历史发展阶段中,需要通过社会福利来解决的问题各有不同,而且应对的地域福利理论也有所不同。
Japan’s “Social Welfare Law of 2000” is a fundamental structural reform of Japan’s social welfare system. One of the most important structural changes is the first legalization of “regional welfare.” From the perspective of the history of Japan’s social welfare system, the article reviews for the first time the history of Japan’s geographical welfare for about half a century up to now and divides it into three stages of development: the first stage is the leading stage of the Social Welfare Council; the second stage Is the administrative stage; the third stage is the main stage of regional welfare. In all historical development stages of regional welfare, the problems that need to be solved through social welfare are different, and the theory of regional welfare to be dealt with is also different.