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目的分析襄阳市2007-2011年自然疫源及虫媒传染病的流行病学特征,为预防和控制该类传染病提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析襄阳市2007-2011年自然疫源及虫媒传染病发病资料。结果襄阳市2007-2011年9个县级单位共报告法定甲乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病6种2 520例,年均发病率9.24/10万,各年发病率分别为:20.31/10万、11.63/10万、7.66/10万、4.50/10万和2.17/10万,发病率逐年下降;病死73例,年均死亡率0.27/10万、病死率2.90%。发病数居前3位的病种为:疟疾(2 147例)、流行性出血热(286例)和狂犬病(61例),占全部病例的98.97%。报告发病率居前3位的单位为枣阳市(20.78/10万)、襄州区(12.04/10万)和老河口市(11.93/10万);疟疾发病集中在枣阳市、襄州区和老河口市,流行性出血热以宜城市为最;5～9月为流行期;30～60岁年龄段高发,职业以农民为主;男性发病高于女性。结论襄阳市法定甲乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势,采取有针对性的预防控制措施保护易感人群,控制传染源和病媒生物,以预防和控制该类疾病的发生和流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of natural foci and insect-borne diseases in Xiangyang from 2007 to 2011 and provide the basis for the prevention and control of such diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of natural foci and insect-borne diseases in Xiangyang from 2007 to 2011. Results A total of 22 520 cases of 6 kinds of natural A and B infectious diseases were reported from 9 county-level units in Xiangyang from 2007 to 2011, with an average annual incidence of 9.24 / 100 000, with annual incidences of 20.31 / 10 Million, 11.63 / 100000, 7.66 / 100000, 4.50 / 100000 and 2.17 / 10 million, the incidence decreased year by year; 73 cases of fatal disease, the average annual mortality rate 0.27 / 100,000, fatality rate 2.90%. The top three diseases were malaria (2,147 cases), epidemic hemorrhagic fever (286 cases) and rabies (61 cases), accounting for 98.97% of all cases. The top three reporting units were Zaoyang (20.78 / 100000), Xiangzhou (12.04 / 100000) and Laohekou (11.93 / 100000). The incidence of malaria was mainly concentrated in Zaoyang, Xiangzhou District and Laohekou City, epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Yicheng City is the most; from May to September for the epidemic period; 30 to 60-year-old age high incidence of occupations to farmers; male incidence higher than women. Conclusions The reported incidence of the legal A and B natural disasters and vector borne diseases in Xiangyang City is decreasing year by year. Targeted preventive and control measures are taken to protect the susceptible population, control the sources of infection and vector-borne diseases so as to prevent and control such diseases The occurrence and prevalence.