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前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)作为诊断前列腺癌最常用的标志物,提高了早期前列腺癌的发现率,但其特异性不高,造成PSA灰区的患者过度诊断和治疗。随着大量分子检测技术的涌现,核酸检测已成为能够显著提高前列腺癌诊断率的方法之一。DNA中的融合基因TMPRSS2-ERG、PTEN丢失、线粒体DNA过量表达以及其3.4kb丢失在前列腺癌发生和发展中起到重要作用,一种被称为ConfirmMDX用于检测表观遗传现象的技术显著提高了前列腺癌诊断特异性。RNA中的前列腺特异性抗原3、微小RNA、肺腺癌转录相关转移物1在诊断前列腺癌中的价值也备受关注。本文对此进行了综述。
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the most commonly used marker in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, increases the detection rate of early-stage prostate cancer, but its specificity is not high, resulting in over-diagnosis and treatment of patients with gray-scale PSA. With the advent of a large number of molecular detection techniques, nucleic acid detection has become one of the methods that can significantly improve the diagnostic yield of prostate cancer. The fusion of DNA in the genes TMPRSS2-ERG, loss of PTEN, overexpression of mitochondrial DNA and loss of 3.4kb play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. A technique called ConfirmMDX for detecting epigenetic phenomena has been significantly improved Prostate cancer diagnosis specificity. Prostate Specific Antigen 3 in RNA, MicroRNAs, Transcriptional Metastasis 1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma The value of transcript 1 in the diagnosis of prostate cancer is also of great concern. This article reviews this.