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概述了在轨温度交变环境下再入航天器防热层/金属结构热匹配的3种评价方法———温度交变试验、热应力理论计算和有限元模型分析。结合工程实际,介绍了3种方法的应用情况和应用特点:温度交变试验可以定性研究温度交变环境及胶层厚度对结构热匹配特性的影响;热应力理论计算能够在一定程度上量化结构热应力等结果;有限元模型分析可以获得结构任意时刻、任意位置的热应力与热变形的量化数据,具有较大的应用优势。通过对比分析,建议采用温度交变试验与有限元模型分析相结合的方法,以实现防热层/金属结构热匹配特性的准确评价,最终验证防热结构方案设计的合理性。
Three kinds of evaluation methods of thermo-matching thermal enclosure / metal structure reentry spacecraft under temperature changing environment are summarized-temperature alternation test, thermal stress theoretical calculation and finite element model analysis. Combined with engineering practice, the application and application characteristics of the three methods are introduced. The temperature alternating test can qualitatively study the effect of temperature alternating environment and the thickness of the adhesive layer on the thermal matching characteristics of the structure. The theoretical calculation of thermal stress can quantify the structure to a certain extent Thermal stress and other results; Finite element model analysis can be obtained at any time and any position of the thermal stress and thermal deformation of the quantitative data, with greater application advantages. Through comparative analysis, it is suggested to use the method of temperature alternation test and finite element model analysis to achieve the accurate evaluation of the thermal matching characteristics of the heat-proof layer / metal structure, finally verify the rationality of the heat-resistant structure design.