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系膜的概念最早是由瑞士的Zimmcrmann于1933年提出的.作为肾小球内高度特异的毛细血管外组织,它由内在的血管平滑肌样系膜细胞(MC)、少量的常驻Ⅱ类抗原(Ia抗原)携带细胞及细胞外基质(ECM)所组成。系膜的主要生理功能包括收缩功能、吞噬功能,抗原提呈作用及合成细胞外基质等功能。在过去十多年中,它在肾小球疾病中的作用日益受到重视,发现大多数肾小球疾病中系膜都有异常表现,包括免疫复合物等大分子物质在系膜的沉积、MC的增殖和ECM的增多增宽,最终导致肾小球透明样变和硬化。本文对免疫复合物等大分子物质在系膜沉积的机理及其对系膜的影响作一综述。系膜参与血浆的超滤过程主要通过两种机理: (一)机械屏障存在于肾小球毛细血管间的系膜,其细胞胞浆突起可延伸到毛细血管内皮细胞和基底膜(GBM)之间,不断受到循环中大分子物质的灌注。Latta等发现大量的溶液可直接流过孔径为500～1000A的内皮细胞网孔.小分子物质可通过GBM和上皮细胞足突间隙,全部滤过到尿极并从尿中排出,而像人聚合免疫球蛋白G(Aggreqated
The concept of mesangium was first proposed by Zimmcrmann in Switzerland in 1933. As a highly specific intravascular glomerular capillary tissue, it consists of intrinsic vascular smooth muscle-like mesangial cells (MC), a small amount of resident class II antigen (Ia antigen) carrying cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). The main physiological function of mesangium, including systolic function, phagocytic function, antigen presentation and synthesis of extracellular matrix and other functions. In the past ten years, its role in glomerular diseases has been paid more and more attention and found that most mesangial diseases have abnormal mesangial manifestations, including immune complexes and other macromolecules in the mesangial deposition, MC Proliferation and ECM increased broadening, eventually leading to glomerular transparency and hardening. In this paper, the mechanism of mesoderm deposition of immune complexes and other macromolecules and their effects on mesangial cells are reviewed. Membrane involved in the process of plasma ultrafiltration mainly through two mechanisms: (A) the presence of mechanical barriers in the mesangial glomerular capillary, the cytoplasmic protrusions can extend to the capillary endothelial cells and the basement membrane (GBM) Between, constantly under the cycle of the infusion of macromolecular substances. Latta et al. Found that a large amount of solution can flow directly through the endothelial cell pores with a pore size of 500-1000 A. Small molecules can pass through the gap between the GBM and the epithelial cell footpad, all filtrated to the urinary excretion and excreted from the urine, Immunoglobulin G (Aggreqated