声光滤波技术作为一种新的分光手段在光谱成像等领域有着广阔的应用前景。高性能声光滤波器的设计与制作是声光滤波技术的核心关键。从声光相互作用的基本理论出发,研究了声光作用过程中动量失配量对声光滤波器衍射效率的影响。并进一步分析了声光滤波器的角孔径以及衍射线宽的变化规律。研究结果表明,声光滤波器的调谐关系随入射光角度的变化而变,在确定入射光角度的情况下,衍射光波长和超声波频率一一对应。另外,随着入射光角度的变化,衍射光的波长发生变化的同时,其线宽以及角孔径发生明显变化,通过调整入射光的角度可以相应改变衍射光的线宽,实现窄带的声光滤波,提高声光滤波器的光谱分辨本领,也可以调整入射光的角度获得较大的角孔径,提高滤波器的集光能力。理论的计算结果与实验结果符合的较好。研究结果对高性能声光滤波器的设计提供有意义的借鉴和参考,并推动声光滤波技术更广泛应用。 As a new spectroscopic method, acousto-optical filtering technology has broad application prospects in the field of spectral imaging and so on. The design and manufacture of high-performance acousto-optic filters are the key of acousto-optic filtering technology. Based on the basic theory of acousto-optic interaction, the effect of mismatch of momentum on the diffraction efficiency of acousto-optic filter was studied. And further analysis of the acousto-optic filter angle aperture and diffraction line width changes. The results show that the tuning relationship of the acousto-optic filter changes with the angle of the incident light, and the wavelength of the diffracted light and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave correspond one by one when the angle of incident light is determined. In addition, as the angle of incident light changes, the wavelength of diffracted light changes, while its line width and angle aperture change obviously. By adjusting the angle of incident light, the linewidth of diffracted light can be changed correspondingly to realize narrow-band acousto-optic filter , Improve the spectral resolution of the acousto-optic filter, or adjust the angle of the incident light to obtain a larger angular aperture to improve the light-gathering capability of the filter. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The research results provide meaningful reference for the design of high-performance acousto-optic filters and promote the wider application of acousto-optic filtering technology.