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目的了解广州市中小学生的饮水量及其影响因素。方法于2015年12月,采用分层随机抽样方法抽取广州市城区和郊区小学、初中、高中学生共425人,问卷调查基本信息(包括性别、出生年月、身高、体重、在广州居住时间等),个人健康情况,饮水习惯及近一周(包括每天起床到早餐之间、早餐、早餐后至午餐之间、午餐、午餐后至晚餐之间、晚餐、晚餐后至睡觉7个时间段)的饮水类型、频次和饮用量。结果调查对象的总饮水量、直接饮水量和间接饮水量的中位数分别为1 775、1 050和664 ml/d,四分位间距分别为1 035、925、633 ml/d。男生直接饮水量(1 075 ml/d)高于女生(975 ml/d),而间接饮水量(609 ml/d)低于女生(720 ml/d);小学生的间接饮水量(747 ml/d)高于初中生(580 ml/d)和高中生(579 ml/d);肥胖学生的直接饮水量(1 650 ml/d)高于超重学生(1 158 ml/d)和体质指数正常的学生(1 025 ml/d);城区学生的总饮水量(1 890 ml/d)和直接饮水量(1 250 ml/d)均高于郊区学生(1 619 ml/d,900 ml/d);广州本地学生的直接饮水量(1 015 ml/d)低于外地学生(1 150 ml/d),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,城郊、籍贯可能是总饮水量的独立影响因素,呈城区高于郊区、外地高于本地的趋势;性别、城郊和籍贯可能是直接饮水量的独立影响因素,呈男生高于女生、城区高于郊区、外地高于本地的趋势;学段和性别可能是间接饮水量的独立影响因素,呈小学高于初中和高中、女生高于男生的趋势。结论中小学生饮水量受多因素影响,制定中小学生适宜饮水量时应综合考虑各方面因素。
Objective To understand the drinking water quantity of primary and middle school students in Guangzhou and its influencing factors. Methods In December 2015, a total of 425 primary and middle school and high school students in urban and suburban areas of Guangzhou were recruited by stratified random sampling method. The basic information of the questionnaire (including sex, date of birth, height and weight, length of stay in Guangzhou, etc.) ), Personal health, drinking habits and nearly a week (including getting up to breakfast every day, breakfast, breakfast to lunch, lunch, lunch to dinner, dinner, 7 hours after dinner to sleep) Type of drinking water, frequency and amount of drinking water. Results The median total drinking water, direct drinking water and indirect drinking water were 1 775,1 050 and 664 ml / d, respectively, and the interquartile range was 1 035, 925 and 633 ml / d respectively. The direct drinking water of boys (1075 ml / d) was higher than that of girls (975 ml / d), while that of indirect drinking water (609 ml / d) was lower than that of girls (720 ml / d) d) was higher than junior high school students (580 ml / d) and high school students (579 ml / d); obese students had higher levels of direct drinking water (1 650 ml / day) than those overweight students (1 158 ml / day) and normal body mass index (1 025 ml / d); urban students’ total drinking water (1 890 ml / d) and direct drinking water (1 250 ml / d) were significantly higher than those of rural students (1 619 ml / d, 900 ml / d) ). In Guangzhou, the direct drinking water of local students (1 015 ml / d) was lower than that of foreign students (1 150 ml / d), with significant differences (P <0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that suburb and native place may be the independent influencing factors of total drinking water, which is higher than suburban areas and other places in the suburbs. Sex, suburbs and native places may be the independent influential factors of direct drinking water, Girls and urban areas are higher than those in rural areas and outlying areas. Sections and gender may be independent factors affecting indirect drinking water. There is a tendency that girls are taller than boys in primary schools and higher schools. Conclusions Primary and secondary school students’ drinking water is influenced by many factors. When formulating suitable drinking water for elementary and middle school students, all factors should be considered comprehensively.