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一、目的与材料方法 对气孔开闭规律的研究在农作物上进行甚多,但在果树方面尤其“午休”方面研究很少。梨是我国主要栽培的果树之一,研究其气孔开闭规律及“午休”等有关生理现象对栽培基础生理和生产都有一定的意义。影响气孔开闭的因素很多,本试验研究不同温度、光强两个因子对气孔开闭的影响以及早酥梨功能叶的光合日变化规律。 试验在本院实验农场果园内进行,试材取自4年生健壮早酥梨长枝中部叶片。 气孔相对开张度的测定:选取早酥梨功能叶15张,洗净叶背和叶脉两侧,用火棉胶涂抹并制成切片,在显微镜下用测微尺测量气孔保卫细胞内、外径(r、R),每片叶测2个气孔,共30个,气孔相对开张度为r/R ×100％。
First, the purpose and method of material on the stomatal opening and closing law on the many crops, but especially in the fruit tree “lunch break” few studies. Pear is one of the main cultivated fruit trees in China. Studying the stomatal opening and closing regularity and the “lunch breaks” and other physiological phenomena have certain significance on the basic physiological and productive cultivation. There are many factors that affect stomatal opening and closing. This experiment studied the effects of different temperature and light intensity on stomatal opening and closing, and photosynthetic diurnal variation of functional leaves of early-morning pear. The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm orchard in our hospital. The test materials were obtained from the mid-aged leaves of 4-year-old healthy pear with long branches. Stomatal opening degree of the determination: the selection of the morning pear function leaves 15, wash the leaf back and veins on both sides, coated with collodion and made into sections, microscopically measured stomatal guard cells inside and outside diameter (r, R). There were 2 stomata per leaf in total, 30 stomata. The stomatal opening was r / R × 100%.