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资本有机构成是马克思主义政治经济学的重要概念,关系到技术创新、利润率、资本积累等一系列重大问题,因此,研究中国资本有机构成就具有特别的意义。经过全国总体、分所有制和分行业测算发现,建国以来,全国和国有工业企业资本有机构成呈现N型变化趋势;分所有制和分行业来看,20世纪90年代以来,资本有机构成有升有降。究其原因,计划经济时代,资本技术构成增长率较低,但工资增长率也较低,加之运营效率上升,导致资本有机构成较快提高;改革开放以来,无论在全国层面、所有制层面还是行业层面,都面临着一个共同的工资增长压力,使得资本技术构成增长较快时,资本有机构成呈现上升趋势;资本技术构成增长较慢时,资本有机构成则可能呈现下降趋势。
The organic composition of capital is an important concept of Marxist political economy, which is related to a series of major issues such as technological innovation, profit rate and capital accumulation. Therefore, it is of special significance to study the organic composition of Chinese capital. After the country as a whole, the sub-ownership and sub-sector estimates show that since the founding of the People’s Republic, the organic composition of the capital in the whole country and the state-owned industrial enterprises shows a N-type trend. In terms of sub-ownership and sub-sectors, the organic composition of capital has risen and fallen since the 1990s . The reason for this is that in the era of planned economy, the growth rate of the capital’s technical composition is relatively low, but the rate of wage growth is also low. In addition, with the rise of operating efficiency, the organic composition of capital leads to a rapid rise. Since the reform and opening up, the level of ownership has remained at the national level Level, are facing a common pressure of wage growth, making the rapid growth of capital technology composition, the organic composition of capital showing an upward trend; capital technology composition of slower growth, the organic composition of capital may show a downward trend.