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目的探讨循证护理对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者的生活方式及心理状况的影响。方法选择2010年1月—2015年1月收治的老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者90例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组各45例。对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予循证护理。观察护理干预后两组患者吸烟、饮酒、高脂饮食、缺乏运动、体质量超标等生活方式的改善情况。观察两组患者护理前后心理情况,包括焦虑、抑郁、自尊情况。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究组患者护理后吸烟、饮酒、高脂饮食、缺乏运动、体质量超标发生率分别为13.33%、17.78%、22.22%、15.56%、35.56%,对照组分别为33.33%、37.78%、44.44%、33.33%、57.78%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。护理后,研究组焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、自尊评定量表(self-esteem scale,SES)评分分别为(36.25±13.22)、(32.45±14.23)、(43.94±3.81)分,对照组分别为(41.96±3.94)、(39.10±3.53)、(38.20±12.34)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者进行循证护理,能够有效减少患者不良生活习惯,改善抑郁、焦虑等不良情绪。
Objective To investigate the influence of evidence-based nursing on lifestyle and psychological status of elderly patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Methods 90 elderly patients with coronary heart disease admitted from January 2010 to January 2015 were randomly divided into control group and study group (n = 45). The control group was given routine care, and the study group was given evidence-based nursing. After nursing intervention, smoking, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet, lack of exercise and excessive body weight were observed in lifestyle improvement. The psychological status before and after the two groups were observed, including anxiety, depression and self-esteem. Measurement data using t test, count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The incidence of smoking, drinking, high fat diet, lack of exercise and overweight in the study group after treatment were 13.33%, 17.78%, 22.22%, 15.56% and 35.56% respectively, while those in the control group were 33.33%, 37.78% and 44.44 %, 33.33% and 57.78%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (all P <0.05). After nursing, the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-esteem scale (SES) scores of the study group were (36.25 ± 13.22), (32.45 ± 14.23) and (43.94 ± 3.81) points in the control group and (41.96 ± 3.94) and (39.10 ± 3.53) and (38.20 ± 12.34) points in the control group respectively Significance (all P <0.05). Conclusion Evidence-based nursing care for elderly patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease can effectively reduce the bad habits of patients and improve depression, anxiety and other negative emotions.