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[目的]探讨输尿管软镜在上尿路疾病中的诊治作用。[方法]对在本院采用输尿管软镜完成的112例上尿路疾病诊治患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。[结果]逆行输尿管软镜诊断上尿路疾病16例，其中15例（93．75％）成功进镜完成检查。术后病理活检显示：肾盂及肾盏肿瘤6例，输尿管息肉4例，输尿管狭窄、肾乳头肥大、血凝块、肾盂静脉曲张出血及未见明显异常各1例；逆行输尿管软镜治疗上尿路结石74例；一次性进镜成功72例（97．30％），其中68例（91．89％）成功寻到结石并击碎结石。复查结石排净率为82．43％（61/74）。其中输尿管软镜治疗多发性肾结石22例，碎石成功率为86．36％（19/22），术后1例结石残留，输尿管石街2例。术后出现血尿8例，感染3例。[结论]输尿管软镜是一种微创、安全、有效、可重复的诊断与治疗方法，适用于上尿路疾病的诊治，尤其是对上尿路的占位、血尿等具有重要的诊断价值。“,”[Objective]To explore the application of flexible ureteroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of upper uri-nary tract disease .[Methods]Clinical data of 112 patients with upper urinary tract disease diagnosed and treated with flex-ible ureteroscope were analyzed retrospectively .[Results] Retrograde flexible ureteroscopy was performed in the diagnosis of 16 patients with upper urinary tract disease in which 15 patients(93 .75% ) successfully completed ureteroscopy .Patho-logical biopsy after operation showed that 6 patients were renal pelvis and calices cancer ,and 4 patients were ureteral pol-yp ,and one patient was ureterostegnosis ,and one patient was hypertrophy of renal papilla ,and one patient was blood clot ,and one patient was renal pelvis venous hemorrhage ,and one patient had no obvious abnormality .Retrograde flexible ureteroscopy was performed in the treatment of 74 patients with upper urinary tract disease .The 72 patients(97 .30% ) a-chieved one-time successful treatment in which the stones of 68 patients(91 .89% ) were detected and removed successful-ly .The overall stone-free rate by reexamination was 82 .43% (61/74) .Flexible ureteroscopy was performed in the treat-ment of 22 patients with multiple renal calculi and the total stone clearance rate was 86 .36% (19/22) .One patient had re-sidual stone after operation ,and 2 patients were ureter stone-street .Postoperative hematuria occurred in 8 patients .Infec-tion was found in 3 patients .[Conclusion]Flexible ureteroscopy is a micro-invasive ,safe ,effective and reproducible diag-nostic and therapeutic method ,and suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract disease .Especially for space-occupying lesions or hematuresis ,flexible ureteroscope has an important diagnostic value .