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景观过程与格局的相互关系与耦合机制,已经成为景观生态学研究的重要问题。以盐城国家级自然保护区核心区为案例,根据2011年4—5月对海滨湿地土壤采样分析,运用典范对应分析、主成分分析、线性回归模拟以及空间代替时间的方法,探索土壤生态过程与景观演变之间的耦合关系。结果显示:①典范对应分析表明,土壤过程能够很好地响应海滨湿地景观格局,从陆到海,5种景观类型有序地、按逆时针方向分布在CCA排序轴上,土壤过程与景观类型之间表现出不同的相关性。②通过主成分分析表明,三个主成分能够有效地响应景观格局。主成分与景观类型相关性排序表现为:第一主成分(土壤养分),米草沼泽>碱蓬米草交错带>碱蓬沼泽>芦苇沼泽>碱蓬芦苇交错带;第二主成分(盐度),碱蓬沼泽>碱蓬米草交错带>米草沼泽>碱蓬芦苇交错带>芦苇沼泽;第三主成分(有机质和水分),芦苇沼泽>米草沼泽>碱蓬芦苇交错带>碱蓬米草交错带>碱蓬沼泽。③运用空间代替时间,以样地到海堤的距离作为时间变量,主成分与景观演变之间相关性较好。多元回归结果显示:三个主成分与碱蓬沼泽→碱蓬米草交错带→米草沼泽时间序列的相关系数为0.859 2;与碱蓬沼泽→碱蓬芦苇交错带→芦苇沼泽时间序列的相关系数为0.892 8。土壤生态过程的改变是景观演变的重要动力,而景观的变化进一步引起土壤生态要素的改变,盐城海滨湿地景观演变就是在这种格局与过程的交互作用下,芦苇沼泽与米草沼泽不断扩张、碱蓬沼泽不断萎缩的过程。
The relationship and coupling mechanism between landscape process and pattern has become an important issue in landscape ecology research. Taking the core area of Yancheng National Nature Reserve as an example, according to the sampling and analysis of coastal wetland soil from April to May in 2011, the model correspondence analysis, principal component analysis, linear regression modeling and space replacement time were used to explore the relationship between soil ecological process and The relationship between landscape evolution. The results show that: (1) The canonical correspondence analysis shows that the soil process can respond well to the landscape pattern of coastal wetlands. From the land to the sea, the five landscape types are distributed orderly and anticlockwise on the CCA ordination axis. The soil processes and landscape types Showed a different correlation between. The principal component analysis shows that the three principal components can effectively respond to the landscape pattern. The order of the main components and the landscape types was as follows: the first principal component (soil nutrient), the grass of marsh grass> the soda-lime grass and grass interlaced zone> the soda-lime-marsh> the reed marsh> Degree), Suaeda marsh> Alkali-sod-grass interlaced zone> Spartina alternatus> Suaeda reed interlaced zone> Reed marsh; The third main component (organic matter and water), reed swamp> Suaeda grass with staggered belt> Suaeda swamp. ③ The use of space instead of time, with the distance from the plot to the seawall as a time variable, the correlation between the principal component and landscape evolution is good. The results of multiple regression showed that the correlation coefficients of the three principal components and the time series of the basal swamp → Suaeda sylvaticum → Spartina alterniflora marsh time series were 0.859 2; The coefficient is 0.892 8. The change of soil ecological process is an important driving force of landscape evolution, and the change of landscape further causes the change of soil ecological factors. The landscape evolution of Yancheng coastal wetland is under the interaction of this pattern and process, the reed swamp and grasshopper swamp are expanding continuously, Supper Phillips swamp shrinking process.