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并非所有劳动产品都有价值。只有商品即用于交换的劳动产品才有价值,只有抽象劳动才创造价值。但这里所说的“抽象”并不是研究者的抽象,而是市场的抽象。抽象劳动必须首先表现为“实际上真实”的东西,然后才能被研究者提炼为“抽象劳动”概念。“实际上真实”的抽象劳动的形成是一个历史的过程。不懂这一点,就会从拜物教的立场理解“价值”。按劳分配既不是按劳动创造的价值进行分配,更不是按劳动力价值分配,相反,只有在劳动不再创造价值的时代,它才能成为现实的分配原则。
Not all work products are valuable. Only the goods that are used for the exchange of labor products have value, and only abstract labor creates value. But what we call “abstraction” here is not the abstraction of the researcher but the abstraction of the market. Abstract labor must first be represented as “actually real ”, and then be refined by the researcher as “abstract labor ” concept. The formation of abstract labor “in fact” is a historical process. If you do not understand this, you will understand “value ” from the perspective of fetishism. Distribution according to work is neither based on the value created by labor, nor is it distributed according to the value of labor. On the contrary, it can become the principle of real distribution only in an era when labor no longer creates value.