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目前地质甲烷在国际上引起了广泛的关注。地质甲烷的释放在整个大气甲烷的源与汇的研究具有重要的意义。它既为不含放射性~(14)C甲烷源缺失部分提供了可能的解释,也为全球气候变暖的研究提供了科学依据。含油气盆地的甲烷是地质甲烷中的重要组成部分。本文概述了国内外含油气盆地甲烷释放的研究,详述了含油气盆地甲烷的源以及运移机制;阐述了目前对于地质甲烷研究的常用监测手段及其优缺点;并对全球含油气盆地的甲烷通量估算进行了总结。但是由于含油气盆地甲烷的通量估算是建立在区域性的部分甲烷通量测试基础上,仍然具有较大的不确定性。有效地结合甲烷的各种监测手段,在全球更多更广区域开展含油气盆地CH_4通量测量,是未来的发展方向和热点。我国是油气生产的大国之一,但相关的探究很少,因此,在我国开展含油气盆地甲烷释放通量的研究将有助于进一步完善全球含油气盆地甲烷数据库,对全球甲烷的源和汇的精确估算具有重要作用和意义。
At present, geological methane has aroused widespread concern in the world. The release of geological methane in the entire atmospheric methane source and sink research is of great significance. It not only provides a possible explanation for the absence of radioactive ~ (14) C methane source, but also provides a scientific basis for the study of global warming. Methane in petroliferous basins is an important part of geological methane. This paper summarizes the research on methane release from petroliferous basins at home and abroad, details the source and migration mechanism of methane in petroliferous basins, elaborates the current monitoring methods and their advantages and disadvantages for the study of geologic methane, Methane flux estimates are summarized. However, due to the estimation of methane flux in petroliferous basins based on regional partial flux testing, there is still great uncertainty. Combined with various monitoring methods of methane, CH_4 flux measurement in petroliferous basins in more and wider regions of the world is the future development direction and hotspot. China is one of the largest oil and gas producing countries, but there are few related studies. Therefore, the study of methane emission fluxes in petroliferous basins in China will help to further improve the global methane database of petroliferous basins, Precise estimation has an important role and significance.