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目的了解湖北省竹山县肺结核病流行特征及流行因素,为制定防控对策提供依据。方法对竹山县疾控中心现有结核病防控资料进行统计分析,进而有针对性地提出防控建议。结果竹山县自1997年将肺结核病纳入乙类传染病报告以来,至2009年底共报告肺结核病4431例,年平均报告发病率74.73/10万,疫情分布于17个乡镇,四季均有发病,以冬春季发病为高。发病年龄最小4个月,最大86岁,主要集中于20～59岁年龄组,病人职业以农民为主,男性高于女性。随着化疗药物的使用,肺结核病死亡专率大幅度下降。大年龄组人群免疫水平低下、经济贫困所致大量人群流动、病人发现率低以及艾滋病的流行等是导致现阶段肺结核流行的重要因素。基层防治能力不足,边远地区现代结核病控制策略(DOTS)难以全面实施也是制约结核病控制进程的原因之一。结论应强化政府承诺,提供政策和经费保障,广泛开展健康教育和健康促进,加强依法管理力度,全面推行DOTS策略,并加强防控能力建设,以提高DOTS策略实施质量。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and epidemic factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhushan County, Hubei Province, and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods The existing data of prevention and control of tuberculosis in Zhushan CDC were statistically analyzed, and then the prevention and control suggestions were put forward. Results Since Zhushan County included TB as a B infectious disease report in 1997, a total of 4431 cases of tuberculosis were reported by the end of 2009, with an annual average incidence of 74.73 / 100000. The epidemic situation was distributed in 17 townships and all the four seasons were affected by The incidence of winter and spring is high. The minimum age of onset of 4 months, the maximum 86 years old, mainly in the 20 to 59 age group, the main occupational patients to farmers, men than women. With the use of chemotherapy drugs, the mortality rate of tuberculosis has dropped dramatically. Immunization of older age groups, low population, large population flows caused by economic poverty, low incidence of patients and the AIDS epidemic are all important factors leading to the prevalence of tuberculosis at this stage. One of the reasons that restrict the TB control process is the lack of grassroots prevention and control capabilities and the difficulty in implementing the modern TB control strategy (DOTS) in remote areas. Conclusion The government commitment should be strengthened, policies and funding should be strengthened, health education and health promotion should be extensively carried out, management according to law should be strengthened, the DOTS strategy should be implemented in an all-round way, and prevention and control capacity building should be strengthened so as to enhance the implementation quality of DOTS strategy.