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目的建立采用商品化的发光细菌(青海弧菌)检测PM2.5颗粒物综合生物毒性的方法。方法 2014年9月-2015年8月,在上海市浦东新区某采样点用大流量采样器和石英滤膜采集大气PM2.5颗粒物,利用发光细菌对重金属等物质毒性敏感的特性,通过毒性测试仪测定大气样本的综合生物毒性,并以毒性指数定量表述大气中PM2.5颗粒物的生物毒性。结果研究期间共采集PM2.5样本117件,对其中采样量达到0.05 g/膜,满足测试要求的62个样本进行生物毒性和重金属含量测试,毒性指数值为15.0~145.8,中位值为38.4,标准偏差为23.6。毒性指数与重金属含量检测浓度最高的6种重金属Fe、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ba、Cu呈正相关。结论发光细菌法操作简便、灵敏准确,适用于PM2.5颗粒物综合生物毒性的检测。
Objective To establish a method for detecting the comprehensive biological toxicity of PM2.5 particles using commercially available luminescent bacteria (Vibrio cholerae). Methods From September 2014 to August 2015, atmospheric particulate PM2.5 was collected at a sampling point in Shanghai Pudong New Area using a large flow sampler and a quartz filter. By using the bacteria that are toxic to heavy metals and other substances, the toxicity test Instrument to determine the overall biological toxicity of atmospheric samples, and toxicological index quantitative expression of atmospheric PM2.5 particulate biological toxicity. Results A total of 117 samples of PM2.5 were collected during the study period. Toxicity and heavy metal contents of 62 samples with the sampling quantity of 0.05 g / film and satisfying the test requirements were tested. The toxicity index was 15.0 ~ 145.8 and the median was 38.4 , Standard deviation of 23.6. Toxicity index was positively correlated with six heavy metals such as Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ba and Cu with the highest concentration of heavy metals. Conclusion Luminescent bacteria method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and it is suitable for the detection of comprehensive biological toxicity of PM2.5 particles.